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A team of Russian scientists led by Skoltech Professor Mikhail Gelfand has discovered a new process by which the bacteria E. Coli (Escherichia Coli) processes lactose, thus enabling its survival. Most bacteria are able to survive under a broad variety of ecological circumstances. Often, they are able to adapt their nutritional intake to their surroundings.The well-known bacteria E. Coli occupies mammalian intestines. But if an E. Coli bacterium is moved into a new habitat, it can feed on fatty acids, carbon disulfides, and other nutrients. E. Coli most commonly feeds on glucose, which tends to enter mammalian intestines following the decomposition of complex carbohydrates. They can also feed on lactose, which is found in dairy products.

Parents talk and play with their children every day, and we know that these interactions can have effects that last a lifetime. Depending on the child’s gender, these interactions can be very different: girls and boys are often treated differently from a very young age. Even though parents aren’t always aware that they treat their sons and daughters differently, previous research has shown that many parents uphold gender stereotypes with their children (such as offering them different types of toys to play with). Children are often strongly aware of their gender and have clear ideas of different ways that girls and boys “should” look, act, and play.

Bubble theory encompasses any asset class that rises well above its true value, including securities, commodities, stock markets, housing markets, and industrial and economic sectors. Bubbles create danger for investors because they remain overvalued for an indeterminate amount of time before crashing. When bubbles burst, prices decline and stabilize at more reasonable valuations, triggering substantial losses for large numbers of investors. Excess demand causes a bubble as motivated buyers generate a quick rise in prices. The rising prices gain attention and generate more demand until enough investors realize the situation has become unsustainable and begin to sell. Once a critical mass of sellers emerges, the process reverses. As one would expect, those who buy at the highest prices typically sustain the worst losses when a bubble bursts. Read more: Bubble Theory

Pollution is the process of making land, water, air or other parts of the environment dirty and not safe or suitable to use. This can be done through the introduction of a contaminant into a natural environment, but the contaminant doesn't need to be tangible. Things as simple as light, sound and temperature can be considered pollutants when introduced artificially into an environment. Toxic pollution affects more than 200 million people worldwide, according to Pure Earth, a non-profit environmental organization. In some of the world's worst polluted places, babies are born with birth defects, children have lost 30 to 40 IQ points, and life expectancy may be as low as 45 years because of cancers and other diseases.

Five thousand years ago the chain of independent city-states lining the River Nile united to form one long, thin country ruled by one king, or pharaoh. Almost instantly a highly distinctive culture developed. For almost 30 centuries Egypt remained the foremost nation in the Mediterranean world. Then, in 332 BC, the arrival of Alexander the Great heralded the end of the Egyptian way of life. The unique culture was quickly buried beneath successive layers of Greek, Roman and Arabic tradition, and all knowledge of Egypt's glorious past was lost. Only the decaying stone monuments, their hieroglyphic texts now unreadable, survived as silent witnesses to a long lost civilization.

Global powers are pushing flight faster. With Japan looking to reintroduce supersonic speeds to aircraft, China has joined several U.S. companies in working on aircraft capable of achieving hypersonic speeds — and they’re relatively far along.Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing successfully tested their “I Plane” (named because it resembles a capital ‘I’ when viewed from the front) in a wind tunnel at speeds ranging from Mach 5 to Mach 7, or than 3,800 to 5,370 miles per hour. In their research, published in the journal Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, the team explains the hypersonic plane would only need a “couple of hours” to travel from Beijing to New York. For comparison, a commercial airline flight can take at least 14 hours.

A new study suggests that plate tectonics -- a scientific theory that divides Earth into large chunks of crust that move slowly over hot viscous mantle rock -- could have been active from the planet's very beginning. The new findings defy previous beliefs that tectonic plates were developed over the course of billions of years. The paper, published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, has important implications in the fields of geochemistry and geophysics. For example, a better understanding of plate tectonics could help predict whether planets beyond our solar system could be hospitable to life. "Plate tectonics set up the conditions for life," said Nick Dygert, assistant professor of petrology and geochemistry in UT's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and coauthor of the study. "The more we know about ancient plate tectonics, the better we can understand how Earth got to be the way it is now."

Now there is mounting laboratory evidence that in the increasingly complex, targeted treatment of cancer, judicious use of antibiotics also is needed to ensure these infection fighters don't have the unintended consequence of also hampering cancer treatment, scientists report.Any negative impact of antibiotics on cancer treatment appears to go back to the gut and to whether the microbiota is needed to help activate the T cells driving treatment response, says Dr. Gang Zhou, immunologist at the Georgia Cancer Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University.

Here's another one for the 'black holes are weird' file: a team of mathematicians has calculated that some black holes in an expanding Universe like ours can press the reset button on the history of their contents, effectively erasing the past and turning the future into a giant question mark.Exactly what this would look like from an observer's point of view is anybody's guess. But if it turns out to be true, we might finally have a solution to one of the biggest questions in modern cosmology.If we follow the laws of physics to their logical conclusions, all the mass of a collapsed star gets squeezed into an infinitely small point called a singularity. *

What causes depression and anxiety? I have been a practicing psychologist and psychoanalyst for almost 40 years and have seen hundreds of patients suffering from both. In my experience, some factors are obvious. People who suffer from depression and anxiety have experienced stresses and traumas in their development that predispose them to mood disorders. Garden-variety psychodynamic theory teaches us that issues involving loss, neglect, guilt, and rejection usually figure prominently in the backgrounds of people who present with significant symptoms of depression and anxiety.

الاقمار الصناعيه كثيرا ما تردد ف الاونه الاخيره عن انطلاق صواريخ الى الفضاء تحمل معها اقمار صناعيه لا نعرف ما هي وظيفتها او ماهيتها؟تم اطلاق اول قمر صناعي في العالم في اكتوبر 1957 ومن بعد هذا التاريخ بدا البشر في غزو الفضاء .في البداية جاءت فكرة القمر الصناعي كمرايا في الفضاء لعكس الاشارات الى جوانب الكره الارضيه.حيث كانت فكره من كاتب الخيال العلمي "ارثر سي كلارك".حيث استغرق تنفيذ اول قمر صناعي عقدا كاملا بعد انطلاق هذه الفكر وكان ذلك 1957،في عام 1960 تم ارتداد الاشارات اللاسلكيه من القمر الصناعي "echo" المخصص للاتصالات.تستخدم الاقمار الصناعيه بشكل اساسي في الاتصالات لمدي كبير بين الدول في حين اذا اردت اجراء اتصالا دولي بشكبة التليفون المعتاده سيتطلب ذلك دوائر معقده واجراءات اعقد منها حتي تصل الاشاره بالكامل بين الطرفين.تستخدم ايضا في التصوير الفوتوغرافي والمسح العلمي مثل خرائط جوجل او اقمار ناسا تستخدم في معرفة بعض الظواهر التي تحدث للارض و دراستها .هناك ما يقرب من 1381 قمر صناعي حول الارض، تمتلك الولايات المتحده الامريكيه ما يقرب من 568 قمر صناعي بنسبه 41%،تليها الصين ب 177 قمر صناعي بنسبه حوالي 13%ثم روسيا 133 قمر صناعي بنسبه 10%ثم اليابان 56 قمر صناعي بنسبه 4% واخيرا المملكه المتحده "بريطانيا"42 قمر صناعي بنسبة 3% .